ABU – Automatic Breathing Unit
Automatic Breathing Unit
ABU is a medical device that transforms a traditional AMBU device into a real ventilator by using both flow and pressure sensors and a high precision electronic feedback system.
Automation of forced and assisted ventilation
The device is able to automate the process of forced ventilation and assisted ventilation, operating the AMBU device without the help of the healthcare worker, through a mechanical mechanism. The device is also able to:
- Insert a continuous positive pressure flow for CPAP
- Have FiO2 adjustable via oxygen mixer or venturi valve
- Connect to the oxygen-enriched air tank
Monitored parameters
The ABU allows electronic monitoring of the following clinical parameters:
PEEP pressure
The term PEEP refers to the end-expiratory pressure that is applied to the patient when ventilated with invasive or non-invasive mechanical support. Generally the end exhalation pressure in a healthy lung is 0 cm H2O, but when PEEP is applied, this pressure is increased; PEEP is generally used when there are some specific lung problems, which lead to collapse of the alveoli and peripheral airways.
Peak pressure
Maximum airway pressure reached during insufflation.
Air flow
Volume of air passing through a duct in the time unit. It is generally measured in L/min o L/sec.
Tidal volume
Volume of air entering or leaving the respiratory system during each normal respiratory cycle
Respiratory frequency
Number of respiratory acts per minute
Inhalation/expiration ratio (I:E)
This report expresses how the respiratory period is divided into its two components: inspiratory time and expiratory time. In spontaneous breathing in healthy patients, inspiratory and expiratory time are roughly equivalent: I:E=1:1. In mechanical ventilation the inspiratory phase is usually kept shorter than the expiratory phase to allow the entire current volume to escape from the lungs (I:E=1:2). When there are serious oxygenation problems, an inverted I:E ratio (I:E=2:1) may help to improve oxygenation
Pressure Trigger
The trigger is defined inspiratory when it starts the inspiratory and expiratory phase when it activates the “cycling” of the machine at exhalation. In assisted or spontaneous ventilation the inspiratory trigger can be pressure or flow. The pressure trigger compares, instant by instant, the pressure detected with the threshold set by the operator and when the two values coincide the machine will pressurize the airways giving rise to the inspiration.
Flow Trigger
The trigger is defined inspiratory when it starts the inspiratory and expiratory phase when it activates the “cycling” of the machine at exhalation. In assisted or spontaneous ventilation the inspiratory trigger can be pressure or flow. The flow trigger is based on the principle of a continuous flow in the circuit that is constantly read by flow sensors present in the inspiratory and expiratory pathway and compared with the threshold value set by the health care workers.
Backup ventilation
Forced ventilation that the system performs in case it does not detect a spontaneous respiratory act of the patient.
Weaning post ards patients
It is possible to use the device in trigger mode for weaning post ards patients, making it easier for them to get used to normal breathing.
The safety of the ABU’s operation is guaranteed by the monitoring carried out by high precision sensors that warn the operator in case of need by means of an acoustic alert system. In addition, there is also a safety valve that vents if the system reaches the maximum pressure of 60 cm H2O.
Configurable parameters
From a minimum of 8 to a maximum of 30 acts/minute
From a minimum of 200 ml to a maximum of 1.500 ml
From a minimum ratio 1:1 to a maximum ratio 1:2,5
From a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 60 cm H2O
From a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 20 cm H2O
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